In the first part of this paper, the author analyzes the reaction of the global and regional communities after the USA's withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, and also discusses the impact on the stability plan in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The US withdrawal also brought a number of political realignments and security transformations along with economic modifications ... Details

Throughout the Cold War era (1947-91) relationship between Pakistan and the Soviet Union fluctuated up and down. Due to the important geo-strategic location, and rivalry with India, Pakistan was compelled to join Southeast Atlantic Treaty Organization (SEATO) and Central Treaty Organization (CENTO). Tensure its security requirements Pakistan needed a friend who coul... Details

The complex issue of Pak-Afghan drug trafficking and its devastating impacts on Pakistani youth have been examined in this research study.  The drug trafficking problem was exacerbated due to the strained relations, such as mistrust, negligence on the border lines, and external pressure between the countries. The aim of this study is to highlight the critical n... Details

Artificial intelligence (AI) is now a determining factor in the development of outer-space operations. The national security, intelligence and early warning systems are currently under the influence of autonomous satellites, constellations of sensors, and deep-learning algorithms. However, the existing legal framework, which is based on the Outer Space Treaty of 196... Details

Pakistan and Afghanistan are two neighboring states sharing both religious and cultural identities as well as multiple crossing points along their borders. Both countries have had ups and downs in their bilateral relations; however, the takeover of the Taliban in Afghanistan, the nexus between the Taliban and Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), led to an intensifying ... Details

This paper looks into the dependence of Afghanistan on Pakistan as the main transit route and how the interdependency of trade cuts across the rising transboundary security issues. Being a landlocked country, Afghanistan relies on the ports of Pakistan, as its location is superior, its infrastructure better, and the cost is lower than in Iran or Central Asia. The st... Details

This paper analyzes the economic rivalry between America and China in terms of the Trump and Biden presidencies. The United States under Trump (2017-2021) was led by an aggressive, America First policy, which is characterised by trade war tension, tariffs, and a priority of curbing the American trade deficit with China. The introduction of tariffs caused poor relati... Details

The Russia-Ukraine conflict has created fundamental changes in worldwide security systems by demonstrating institutional limitations.. The 2022 full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine gave rise to a new Cold War situation which expanded NATO membership and accentuated the strategic rift separating democratic powers from authoritarian systems. This paper evaluates var... Details