01 Pages : 1-8
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2026(IX-II).01 10.31703/gfpr.2026(IX-II).01 Published : Jun 2026Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations after the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan (2021)
The United States' departure from Afghanistan in August 2021 reshaped the region's geopolitical landscape. This research analyses how relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan have changed in the post-withdrawal era, clarifying the issues involved, including the range of security concerns, political confrontations, and the scope and form of potential collaboration. Using secondary data, the research reveals that, despite initial hopes for improved relations under the Taliban, relations have continued to deteriorate because of terrorism, border disputes, and mistrust. The research concludes with suggestions for improving relations between the two countries and regional peace.
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Pakistan–Afghanistan Relations, US Withdrawal 2021, Taliban Governance, Regional Security, Counterterrorism Cooperation
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(1) Muhammad Iqbal
PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Ghulam Mustafa
Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Anwar Ali
Assistant Professor (OPS), Political Science, Government College University, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Cite this article
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APA : Iqbal, M., Mustafa, G., & Ali, A. (2026). Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations after the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan (2021). Global Foreign Policies Review, IX(II), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2026(IX-II).01
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CHICAGO : Iqbal, Muhammad, Ghulam Mustafa, and Anwar Ali. 2026. "Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations after the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan (2021)." Global Foreign Policies Review, IX (II): 1-8 doi: 10.31703/gfpr.2026(IX-II).01
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HARVARD : IQBAL, M., MUSTAFA, G. & ALI, A. 2026. Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations after the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan (2021). Global Foreign Policies Review, IX, 1-8.
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MHRA : Iqbal, Muhammad, Ghulam Mustafa, and Anwar Ali. 2026. "Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations after the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan (2021)." Global Foreign Policies Review, IX: 1-8
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MLA : Iqbal, Muhammad, Ghulam Mustafa, and Anwar Ali. "Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations after the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan (2021)." Global Foreign Policies Review, IX.II (2026): 1-8 Print.
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OXFORD : Iqbal, Muhammad, Mustafa, Ghulam, and Ali, Anwar (2026), "Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations after the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan (2021)", Global Foreign Policies Review, IX (II), 1-8
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TURABIAN : Iqbal, Muhammad, Ghulam Mustafa, and Anwar Ali. "Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations after the US Withdrawal from Afghanistan (2021)." Global Foreign Policies Review IX, no. II (2026): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2026(IX-II).01