http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2022(V-II).07
10.31703/gfpr.2022(V-II).07
Published : Jun 2022
Afghanistan Factor in Enhancing Extremism and Terrorism in FATA
Afghanistan's incursion by the Soviet Union in 1979 enhanced the elements of extremism informer FATA. In the post-9/11 period, tribal areas of Pakistan became a hub of militants and terrorists.Meanwhile, the role of Pakistan in the War on Terror (WoT) increased elements of terrorism and instability in the country. Many terrorist organizations like Al-Qaeda, Haqqani Network and Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan and other small terrorist groups including the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) andLashkar-i-Jahangvi started terrorist activities in the shape of suicide attacks. The study attempts to explainvarious internal and external factors (Afghanistan) which contributed to enhancing extremism and terrorism in former FATA. Furthermore, the research explains the anti-state activities of above mentioned militant groups in the area.
-
Fata, Terrorism, Afghanistan, Pakistan, TTP. Al Qaeda, WoT
-
(1) Muhammad Tazeem Javed
Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammaad Shafiq
Assistant Professor, Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Punjab, Pakistan.
- Abbas, H. (2008). A profile of Tehrik-i- Taliban Pakistan. Combating Terrorism Centre at West Point, 1(2), 1-20.
- Australian, G. A. (2013). Issues Paper: The Pakistani Taliban. Australia.
- Azami, D. (2017 January 12). World powers in Afghanistan’s new Great Game. BBC https://www.bbc.com/news
- Carusu, J. T. (2001). Al-Qaeda International. Washington, DC: Federal Bureau of Investigation Retrieved from https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/news/testimony
- Chaudhry, S. A., & Wazir, M. A. K. (2012). Peacebuilding in Federally Administrated Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan: conflict Management at State Level. A Journal of Peace and Development, II 124-148.
- Collins, j. j. (2011). Understanding war of Afghanistan. Washington, D.C: National Defense University Press.
- Dressler, J. A. (2010). The Haqqani Network: From Pakistan to Afghanistan. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of War.
- Editors, H. C. (2010 February 17). September 11 Attacks. A&E Television Networks. https://www.history.com
- Fitz, D., Sanderson, T. M., & Marshall, S. I. (2014). Central Asian Militancy. New York: Centre for Strategic & International Studies.
- Ghufran, N. (2001). The Taliban and the Civil War Entanglement in Afghanistan. Asian Survey, 41(3), 462- 487. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2001.41.3.462
- Green, M. (2017 September 8). How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting impacts (With Lesson Plan). https://www.kqed.org/lowdown
- Gunaratna, R., & Anders, N. A. (2009). Al Qaeda in the Tribal Areas of Pakistan and beyond. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31(9), 775-807.
- Hahn, G. M. (2010). Islam, Islamism and Politics in Eurasia Report. n.p. Monterey Institute for International Studies.
- Hussain, S. (2019). Pakistan’s achievements in War on Terror but at what cost: A special review of the current decade. Islamabad: Pak Institute for peace Studies.
- Irshad, M. (n.d.). Terrorism in Pakistan: Causes & Remedies. The Dialogue, VI(3), 224-241.
- Jackson, A. (2009). The cost of war: Afghan experiences of conflict, 1978-2009. Kabul: Afghan Civil Society Forum.
- Jadoon, A. (2021). The Evolution and Potential Resurgence of the Tehrik-I- Taliban Pakistan. Washington, DC:United States Institute of Peace Press.
- Karim, M. (n.d.). World Powers Rivalry in Afghanistan and its Effects on Pakistan. The Dialogue, XII(3), 247-264.
- Khan, H. (2013). Pakistan’s Contribution to Global War on Terror after 9/11. IPRI Journal, XIII(1), 37-38.
- Khan, M. A. (2009). A Profile of the TTP’s New Leader: Hakimullah Mehsud. CTC Sentinel, 2(10), 1-4.
- Khan, S., Wazir, T., & Khan, A. (2019). The Effect of militancy and Military Operations on Pashtun Culture and traditions in FATA. Liberal Arts and Social Sciences international Journal, 3(1), 74-864. https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/3.1.7
- Krickus, R. J. (2011). The Afghanistan question and the reset in U.S.-Russian relations. Carlisle: Strategic Studies Institute.
- Leghari, F. (2008). Dealing with FATA: Strategic Shortfalls and Recommendations. Perspectives on Terrorism, II (10), 17-26.
- Lurie, D. (2020). The Haqqani Network: The Shadow Group Supporting the Taliban’s Operations. United States: American Security Project.
- Matthews, M. M. (2011). “We have not learned how Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press US Arms Center Fort Leavenworth. to wage war there†the soviet approach in Afghanistan 1979-1989.
- McNally, L., & Weinbaum, M. G. (2016). A Resilient Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Washington, DC: Middle East Institute.
- Michael, S. M. (2016). The Pakistan Taliban movement: An appraisal. Belfast: Queen’s University.
- Ministry of Defense. (2011). Geopolitical Analysis of Afghanistan. Spain: Spanish institute for strategic study.
- Musharraf, P. (2006). In the Line of Fire: A memoir. London: Pocket Books.
- Orbach, B. (2001). Usama Bin Ladin and Al- Qa’ida: Origins and Doctrine. Middle East Review of International Affair, 5(4), 54-68.
- Profile: Hakimullah Mehsud. (2013, November 1). DAWN https://www.dawn.com/news
- Rana, M. A. (2009). Taliban Insurgency of Pakistan. n.p.: Pak Institute for Peace Studies.
- Rassler, D., & Brown, V. (2011). The haqqani nexus and the evolution of al-Qaeda. New York: Combating Terrorism Centre.
- Samo, S. H. (2020 July 19). Negative impacts of Soviet-Afghan war on Pakistan. The Authentic Post. Retrieved from https://theauthenticpost.com/negative-impacts-of-soviet-afghan-war-on-pak
- Siddique, Q. (2010). Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan an attempt to deconstruct the umbrella organization and the reasons for its growth in Pakistan’s north-west. Copenhagen: Vesterkopi AS.
- Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan. (2012 January 19). DAWN. https://www.dawn.com/news/
- Weinbaum, M. G. (2006). Afghanistan and its Neighbors. Washington, DC: United States institute of peace.
- Weinbum. M. G., & Babbar, M. (2016). The Tenacious, Toxic Haqqani Network. Washington DC: Middle East Institute.
- Who Are the Talibans. (2021 February 16). Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com
Cite this article
-
APA : Javed, M. T., & Shafiq, M. (2022). Afghanistan Factor in Enhancing Extremism and Terrorism in FATA. Global Foreign Policies Review, V(II), 66-77. https://doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2022(V-II).07
-
CHICAGO : Javed, Muhammad Tazeem, and Muhammaad Shafiq. 2022. "Afghanistan Factor in Enhancing Extremism and Terrorism in FATA." Global Foreign Policies Review, V (II): 66-77 doi: 10.31703/gfpr.2022(V-II).07
-
HARVARD : JAVED, M. T. & SHAFIQ, M. 2022. Afghanistan Factor in Enhancing Extremism and Terrorism in FATA. Global Foreign Policies Review, V, 66-77.
-
MHRA : Javed, Muhammad Tazeem, and Muhammaad Shafiq. 2022. "Afghanistan Factor in Enhancing Extremism and Terrorism in FATA." Global Foreign Policies Review, V: 66-77
-
MLA : Javed, Muhammad Tazeem, and Muhammaad Shafiq. "Afghanistan Factor in Enhancing Extremism and Terrorism in FATA." Global Foreign Policies Review, V.II (2022): 66-77 Print.
-
OXFORD : Javed, Muhammad Tazeem and Shafiq, Muhammaad (2022), "Afghanistan Factor in Enhancing Extremism and Terrorism in FATA", Global Foreign Policies Review, V (II), 66-77
-
TURABIAN : Javed, Muhammad Tazeem, and Muhammaad Shafiq. "Afghanistan Factor in Enhancing Extremism and Terrorism in FATA." Global Foreign Policies Review V, no. II (2022): 66-77. https://doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2022(V-II).07